GERD, or gastroesophageal reflux disease, is a chronic condition in which stomach contents — primarily acid — flow back up into the esophagus, the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. This reflux can cause annoying symptoms such as heartburn, chest pain, or regurgitation, and if not treated properly, it can damage the lining of the esophagus.

GERD occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter, a muscle ring that normally prevents stomach acids from returning, weakens or malfunctions. This can be due to several factors such as:

• Overweight or Obesity
• Pregnancy
• Frequent consumption of irritating foods (fatty, fried foods, alcohol, coffee, chocolate)
• Smoking
• Long-term use of certain medications
• Hiatal hernia

There may also be genetic predisposition or anatomical factors.

Although in many cases it is controllable, GERD should not be ignored. If left untreated, it can cause complications such as:

• Esophagitis (inflammation of the esophagus)
• Esophageal stenosis (narrowing of the esophagus)
• Esophageal ulcers
• Barrett's esophagus (a precancerous condition)

Therefore, if you have frequent or severe symptoms, it's essential to seek medical attention.

Yes. Although stress doesn't directly cause GERD, it can worsen symptoms by increasing sensitivity to gastric acid or changing eating habits. Stress-management techniques such as meditation, regular exercise, or therapy can help reduce episodes of reflux.

Some foods can relax the lower esophageal sphincter or increase acid production. It is advisable to avoid:

• Fatty or fried foods
• Chocolate
• Caffeine and carbonated drinks
• Alcohol
• Citrus fruits and tomatoes
• Peppermint or Peppermint
• Highly spicy or spicy foods

It's also key not to overeat even right before bed.

GERD is a chronic condition, but with the right treatment and lifestyle, it can be completely controlled and complications avoided. Many people live symptom-free by following medical and dietary recommendations. Regular medical follow-up is key to avoiding relapse.