Symptoms vary depending on the location and cause of the infection, but the most common are:

• Congestion and runny nose
• Sore throat
• Cough (dry or with phlegm)
• Fever
• Headache or muscle pain
• Trouble breathing (in more serious cases)

If the infection affects the lower tracts, the symptoms are usually more severe and require more medical attention.

Most of these infections are transmitted by air, through droplets expelled when you cough, sneeze, or talk. They can also be infected by touching contaminated surfaces and then touching their face, especially their mouth, nose, or eyes.

Therefore, washing your hands and wearing a mask indoors or when you have symptoms is still a useful measure.

Although many respiratory infections resolve on their own, you should seek medical attention if:

• The fever exceeds 38.5°C and lasts more than 3 days
• The cough persists for more than two weeks
• There is shortness of breath, wheezing, or chest pain
• You notice excessive fatigue or confusion
• You are a person with chronic illnesses or a weak immune system

Not always. Most upper respiratory infections are caused by viruses, so do not require antibiotics. These are only indicated if the doctor determines that the cause is bacterial. The unnecessary use of antibiotics can lead to resistance and future complications.

In mild cases, home treatment may be sufficient. We recommend:

• Drink plenty of water
• Do rest
• Use pain relievers or antipyretics (such as paracetamol) to control fever and discomfort
• Maintain good ventilation in the environment
• Humidify the air or do steam inhalations
• Avoid smoking and other irritants

Prevention starts with good habits:

• Wash your hands frequently
• Cover yourself when you cough or sneeze
• Avoid close contact with sick people
• Don't smoke
• Maintain a balanced diet and a strong immune system
• Get recommended vaccines, such as for influenza or COVID-19